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ANNOTATED GAME

Henry Bird - Paul Morphy, London 1858, Game 8
Henry Bird vs. Paul Morphy
Annotated by: alex_ratchkov (2458)
Chess opening: Philidor (C41), Philidor counter-gambit, Zukertort variation
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Pages: 12
Morphy dreamed of playing the chess king of the 1840's - Staunton, and his friends sent the latter an invitation to visit America. But Staunton declined, citing his busy schedule as a playwright and instead inviting Morphy to visit Europe and promising to have a match then. So Morphy himself set off for Europe. In 1858 he arrived in England, where he easily demonstrated his superiority over the local masters, brilliantly winning a match against Lowenthal (spending the prize money on buying the furniture for the flat of his hard-up opponent!), but, alas, after a lengthy discussion and LOTS of excuses from Staunton, the match with the 48-year old English champion never materialized. They did however play in a consultation game where it was Staunton along with another contemporary master paired up against Morphy and another master. Morphy's side won the game. But why did Staunton hide from a match with Morphy? The explanation is obvious - here we can recall the words of Fischer: "Staunton appears to have been afraid to meet Morphy and I think his fears were well-founded. Morphy would have beaten him, but it wouldn't have been the one-sided encounter that many writers now think it would. It would have been a great struggle." The other masters were crushed one after another by the young American prodigy, and in highly spectacular fashion.
1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 d6 3. d4 f5
(?!) Philidor's move, which was very fashionable at the time, but which is objectively more than dubious, and perhaps even losing. Opening theory has gone A VERY LONG way since those days...

 
4. Nc3
Also good is 4.Bc4, as well as 4.dxe5 fxe4 5.Ng5 d5 6.e6 (6.Nc3!?) 6...Bc5 7.Nc3! (but not immediately 7.Nf7? Qf6 8.Be3 d4 with a counterattack, Barnes-Morphy, London 1858) 7...c6 (7...Qf6 8.Ngxe4 dxe4 9.Qh5+ and Qxc5) 8.Nf7, which was suggested in 1880 by Johann Berger
1 comment
 
4... fxe4
Black fails to equalise with either 4...nf6 5.dxe5 Nxe4 6.Nxe4 fxe4 7.Ng5 d5 8.e6 Bc5 9.Nxe4 Be7 10.Qh5+ g6 11.Qe5 Rg8 12.Ng5, or 4...exd4 5.Qxd4 fxe4 5.Bg5 Nf6 7.Nxe4 Be7 8.Bc4 Nc6 9.Qe3!

 
5. Nxe4 d5
Or 5...Nf6 6.Nxf6+ gxf6 (if 6...Qxf6, then 7.Bg5 Qg6 8.dxe5 --Zukertort) 7.dxe5 fxe5 8.Bc4 Qf6 9Ng5 with an obvious advantage for White

 
6. Ng3
(?!) As was shown by Zukertort several decades later, stronger is 6.Nxe5! dxe4 7.Qh5+ g6 8.Nxg6 Nf6 9.Qe5+ Be7 10.Nxh8 Nc6 11.Bb5 Qd5 12.Bg5. And in the event of 9...Kf7 10.Bc4+ Kg7 (10...Kxg6?? 11.Qg5#) 11.Bh6+ Kxh6 12.Nxh8 Bb4+ 13.c3 Qxh8 14.cxb4 (Keres), White advantage is close to being decisive

 
6... e4 7. Ne5 Nf6 8. Bg5
(?!) Correct is 8.f3!, advantageously undermining the center

 
8... Bd6
"A typical Morphy move, striving as soon as possible to overcome his lack of development." (Euwe) In Maroczy's opinion, 8...Be7 was more circumspect

 
9. Nh5
(?!)

 
9... O-O 10. Qd2
(?!)

 
10... Qe8
(!)

 
11. g4
(?) After a series of dubious movies, Bird commits a decisive mistake. "However, had it not been for this move, chess literature would not have been enriched with one of Morphy's most staggering and profound combinations...After 11.Nxf6+! (11.Bxf6 Qxh5) 11...gxf6 12.Bxf6 Rxf6 (12...Qh5 13.g4) 13.Qg5+ Rg6 14.Nxg6 hxg6! 15. Qxd5+ (or 15. h4) =" (Maroczy). Euwe does not agree with this evaluation: "In the resulting open position the strength of the two black bishops should quickly tell." But in Kasparov's opinion, White would have been lucky to reach such a position, since in fact he is destroyed by the interposition of 12...e3! (this Morphy would NOT have missed!) 13.Qxe3 Rxf6 14.0-0-0 (14.Qg5+ Rg6) 14...Bf8 etc. Bird's mistake is fully understandable from a psychological standpoint: he already was facing a difficult choice...

 
11... Nxg4 12. Nxg4 Qxh5 13. Ne5 Nc6 14. Be2 Qh3 15. Nxc6 bxc6 16. Be3 Rb8
The prelude to Morphy's combination, although the immediate 16...Bg4 would have been more efficient, when Black is a very healthy pawn ahead.

 
17. O-O-O
"Safer is 17.c3" (Maroczy) If one can say this about a pretty hopeless position.

 
17... Rxf2
(?!) I tip my hat to the great chess artist, but the crude 17...Bg4! was correct, or even, according to Euwe, the slow 17...Bf5 and ...Bg6.

 
18. Bxf2 Qa3
(!!) A bolt out of the blue! A mistake would have been 18...Ba3? in view of 19.Qe3!. Alas, even this brilliant maneuvre by Morphy does not give more than a draw...

 
19. c3
(!) Bird defends with precision. If 19.Qg5, Maroczy gives the winning variation 19...Qxb2+ 20.Kd2 Bb4+ 21.Ke3 Qa3+! 22.Bd3 (22.Kf4? Bd6+) 22...Ba6 23.Rhg1 Bf8! and ...exd3, while if 19.Qc3 then 19...Qxa2 20.Rdg1 g6 21.b3 Bb4! Instead of 19...Qxa2, even stronger is 19...Bf4+! 20.Rd2 Qxa2 21.Qa3 Qxa3 bxa3 e3 and wins (Euwe), or 21.b3 Bd6! (simpler than 21...e3 22.Bxe3 Bxe3 23.Rf1 a5! etc.) 22.Rdd1 Bb4 winning.

 
19... Qxa2
GM Murey tried to find a win after 19...e3?! 20.Bxe3 Bf5, but without successL 21.Qc2! Qxa2 22.Bd3 Bxd3 (22...Ba3 or 22...Rxb2 - 23.Bxf5) 23.Rxd3 Ba3 (23...Rxb2 24.Qxb2 Ba3 25.Qxa3!) 24.Qb1! (24.bxa3 Qa1+ 25.Kd2 Qxh1 26.c4! Qxh2+ 27.Kc3 will also do) 24...Bxb2+ 25.Kc2 Qa4+ 26.Kd2 Bxc3+ 27.Rxc3 Rxb1 28.Rxb1 Qa2+ 29.Kc1, diffusing Black's attack while retaining the extra material.

 
20. b4
Forced, since mate in two was threatened, and if 20.Qc2? there is a choice between 20...Bf4+ ad 20...Rxb2 21.Qxb2 Ba3! 22.Qxa3 Qxa3+ 23.Kd2 Qb2+ 24.Ke1 Qxc3+

 
20... Qa1+ 21. Kc2 Qa4+ 22. Kb2
(?) According to Maroczy, 22.Kc1! would have forced a draw by perpetual check (22...Qa1+), since 22...Bxb4? is wrong in view of 23.cxb4 Rxb4 24.Qg5 (24.Qc2 Qa3+ 25.Kd2 Rb2 26.Rc1 is also possible) 24...Qa3+ 25.Kd2 Rb2+ 26.Ke1 Rxe2+ 27.Kxe2 Qf3+ 28.Ke1 Qxh1+ 29.Qg1 Qf3 20.Qg3. However, with the help of any decent modern engine, we can establish that 22...Bf5! (22...a5 23.Qc2 Qa3+ 24.Qb2 axb4 25.Kc2 Ba6 26.Bf1! is unclear) 23,Be1! Qa1+ 24.Kc2 e3+ 25.Kb3 exd2 26.Rxa1 Re8 27.Ba6 dxe1=Q 28.Raxe1 Rxe1 29.Rxe1 Bxh2 30.Bb7 Be4 31.Bxc6 Kf7 would nevertheless have given Black a minimal advantage (obviously less than after 17...Bg4!: here it is far closer to a draw). This is the present-day level of attack and defense, illustrating the COLOSSAL progress of chess during the past 150 plus years...

 
22... Bxb4
(!)

 

Pages: 12