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bobbynox 09-Nov-06, 21:29 |
 Deleted by bobbynox on 23-Jan-07, 09:36.
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wahid واحد ithnan آثنين thalatha ثلاثا arbaa آربا chamsa خامسا sita سّتا sabaa سّبا thamania ثامانيا tisa تّسا ashara آشارا pardon my poor arabic spelling...this is the first time i have tried to type in arabic and i am not sure where all the letters are! |
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naam 38573498347473923993498-9823498-23473298 |
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soulcrates 09-Nov-06, 21:40 |
Jeff, how do you type in arabic? |
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typing in arabic |
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soulcrates 09-Nov-06, 21:59 |
How is windows an evil empire? |
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saintinsanity 10-Nov-06, 02:36 |
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bobbynox 10-Nov-06, 13:53 |
Deleted by bobbynox on 23-Jan-07, 09:36.
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soulcrates 10-Nov-06, 14:06 |
Deleted by soulcrates on 10-Nov-06, 16:30.
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soulcrates 10-Nov-06, 16:30 |
I met Pi once in a bar, |
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e e = 2.71828..., the Base of Natural Logarithms e is a real number constant that appears in some kinds of mathematics problems. Examples of such problems are those involving growth or decay (including compound interest), the statistical "bell curve," the shape of a hanging cable (or the Gateway Arch in St. Louis), some problems of probability, some counting problems, and even the study of the distribution of prime numbers. It appears in Stirling's Formula for approximating factorials. It also shows up in calculus quite often, wherever you are dealing with either logarithmic or exponential functions. There is also a connection between e and complex numbers, via Euler's Equation. e is usually defined by the following equation: e = limn->infinity (1 + 1/n)n. Its value is approximately 2.718281828459045... and has been calculated to 869,894,101 decimal places by Sebastian Wedeniwski (you'll find the first 50 digits in a Table of constants with 50 decimal places, from the Numbers, constants and computation site, by Xavier Gourdon and Pascal Sebah). The number e was first studied by the Swiss mathematician Leonhard Euler in the 1720s, although its existence was more or less implied in the work of John Napier, the inventor of logarithms, in 1614. Euler was also the first to use the letter e for it in 1727 (the fact that it is the first letter of his surname is coincidental). As a result, sometimes e is called the Euler Number, the Eulerian Number, or Napier's Constant (but not Euler's Constant). An effective way to calculate the value of e is not to use the defining equation above, but to use the following infinite sum: e = 1/0! + 1/1! + 1/2! + 1/3! + 1/4! + ... If you need K decimal places, compute each term to K+3 decimal places and add them up. You can stop adding after the term 1/n! where n! > 10K+3, because, to K+3 decimal places, the rest of the terms are all zero. Even though there are infinitely many of them, they will not change the decimal places you have already calculated. Now the last decimal place or two of the resulting sum may be off due to truncation or rounding of each term, but the first K places should be correct. That is why the computation uses extra decimal places. As an example, here is the computation of e to 22 decimal places: 1/0! = 1/1 = 1.0000000000000000000000000 1/1! = 1/1 = 1.0000000000000000000000000 1/2! = 1/2 = 0.5000000000000000000000000 1/3! = 1/6 = 0.1666666666666666666666667 1/4! = 1/24 = 0.0416666666666666666666667 1/5! = 1/120 = 0.0083333333333333333333333 1/6! = 1/720 = 0.0013888888888888888888889 1/7! = 1/5040 = 0.0001984126984126984126984 1/8! = 1/40320 = 0.0000248015873015873015873 1/9! = 1/362880 = 0.0000027557319223985890653 1/10! = 1/3628800 = 0.0000002755731922398589065 1/11! = 0.0000000250521083854417188 1/12! = 0.0000000020876756987868099 1/13! = 0.0000000001605904383682161 1/14! = 0.0000000000114707455977297 1/15! = 0.0000000000007647163731820 1/16! = 0.0000000000000477947733239 1/17! = 0.0000000000000028114572543 1/18! = 0.0000000000000001561920697 1/19! = 0.0000000000000000082206352 1/20! = 0.0000000000000000004110318 1/21! = 0.0000000000000000000195729 1/22! = 0.0000000000000000000008897 1/23! = 0.0000000000000000000000387 1/24! = 0.0000000000000000000000016 1/25! = 0.0000000000000000000000001 ----------------------------- 2.7182818284590452353602875 Then to 22 decimal places, e = 2.7182818284590452353603, which is correct. (Actually,it's correct to 25 places, but that was luck!). There have been recent discoveries of even more efficient ways of computing e, one of which was used for setting the record mentioned above. It is a fact (proved by Euler) that e is an irrational number, so its decimal expansion never terminates, nor is it eventually periodic. Thus no matter how many digits in the expansion of e you know, the only way to predict the next one is to compute e using the method above using more accuracy. It is also true that e is a transcendental number (a fact first proved in 1873 by the French mathematician Charles Hermite), which means that e is not the root of any polynomial with rational number coefficients. These are properties that e shares with pi. The Dr. Math archives contain one proof of The Irrationality of e, and on the Web is another by Kevin Brown. e is also the base of natural logarithms. The natural logarithm function ln(x) is defined that way: ln(x) = loge(x). This is "natural" for several reasons. One is the following limit: ln(x) = limk->0 (xk-1)/k. Another example from calculus is that if y = ln(x) + c, for c constant, then dy/dx = 1/x, and these are the only functions for which this is true. Another is that the curve y = ln(x) has a tangent at (1,0) with slope 1, and among all logarithmic functions, it is the only one that does. mathforum.org" target="_blank">-> mathforum.org |
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soulcrates 10-Nov-06, 17:01 |
I haven't done calculus since 1998. |
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ti graphing calculators The TI-86 runs with programs designed for the TI-85 and includes all the same matrix features, but with a new matrix editor that allows the user to view and edit matrices in two dimensions. You can also view multiple lists and attach formulas to those lists for automatic computations. A new aspect of the TI-86 is the ability to customize product functionality with machine language programs downloaded from TI's Web site. Besides the strong graphing abilities, the TI-86 also has powerful calculus features like integration, derivatives, minimums, maximums, roots, and arcs. It also supports Z80 assembly language programming. The 64 x 128 high-contrast pixel screen displays eight lines of 21 characters each plus two levels of display menus. With the TI-86, you can link to other TI-86s and TI-85s via the input/output port, and to CBLs, CBRs, and computers. you can get one for under $100 bucks. |
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soulcrates 11-Nov-06, 00:55 |
I still have a ti-85 |
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saintinsanity 11-Nov-06, 01:03 |
I bought a TI 89 However, it does perform complicated integrals for me. That thing can do anything, but it is difficult to figure out how to make it do what you want. |
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saintinsanity 11-Nov-06, 01:04 |
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soulcrates 11-Nov-06, 01:05 |
My calculator performed many cool games. |
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soulcrates 11-Nov-06, 01:06 |
Deleted by soulcrates on 11-Nov-06, 01:07.
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soulcrates 11-Nov-06, 01:08 |
*Edited Version* |
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soulcrates 11-Nov-06, 14:35 |
19 is a good number. |
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one An ace is number one in playing cards. French playing cards are marked '1' instead of 'A'. A cyclops is a creature with one eye and a dromedary is a camel with only one hump. There is only one of lots of things. There is only one planet Earth, there is only one Atlantic Ocean and there is only one you. All of these are unique. Words beginning with uni- often mean there is one of something. For example, unicycles have one wheel and unicorns have one horn. Unisex means the two sexes appearing as one because they are indistinguishable by hair or clothing. Mono- can also mean that there is one of something. A monocle is an eyeglass with only one lens, and a monorail is a railway where the track consists of a single rail. Monochrome means using only one colour, like a black-and-white photograph. Chemical names often include mono-; for example carbon monoxide is a poisonous gas whose molecules have only one atom of oxygen. The letters A, B, C, D, E, M, T, U, V, W and Y all have one line of symmetry. The international dialling code for the USA and Canada is 01. |
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two = 1 x 2 Factorial 2 or 2! 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13... A Fibonacci number. A deuce, a couple, a brace, a duo or a pair... There are two blades on a pair of scissors and two sides to a piece of paper. People have two hands and so do some clocks. There are two sexes and two sides to an argument. Two-dimensional means that something has just length and width, but no depth. Two's company, three's a crowd all depends on who you happen to be with. Bi- means two. For example, a bicycle has two wheels and a bigamist has two husbands or two wives. In binary code numbers are written to the base two. It uses just two symbols, 0 and 1. The numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6... become 1, 10, 11, 100, 101, 110... The letters H, I and X all have two lines of symmetry. Two has a very special property because 2 + 2 = 4 and also 2 x 2 = 4. |
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three = 1 + 2 A triangular number. 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13... A Fibonacci number. 1, 3, 4, 7, 11, 18, 29... A Lucas number. A triad, triplet, trio, tern or hat-trick... Tri- means three. So triangles have three sides, tripods have three legs and the dinosaur triceratops had three horns. The French flag is a tricolore because it has three colours. Trigonometry is a branch of mathematics based on measuring triangles. Three-dimensional means that something has length, width and depth. There are three school terms in a year. Oaths are traditionally repeated three times. A three-legged race is run by two people each with a leg tied to their partner's. The letters A F H K N Y Z are all made up of three lines. There are three barleycorns in an inch, three feet in a yard, and three miles in a league. Barleycorns and leagues are some old imperial units of length which are no longer used today. Once upon a time there were three little pigs ... three billy goats gruff ... Stories often begin this way and have a similar structure. Number one and number two are always similar so the listener is lulled into believing number three will be the same. But with number three there is a twist in the tale. In Greek mythology you will find Cerberus, a three-headed dog, and Scylla, a sea monster with six heads. It is curious that mythological heads are inclined to come in multiples of three. With just a ruler and a pair of compasses, it is possible to divide any angle exactly in half. This is called bisecting an angle. But is it possible to trisect any angle - to divide it in three - using just a ruler and compasses? Hundreds of people have spent hundreds of hours trying to discover a way to do this, without realising that it has been proved to be impossible. If the number of petals on a flower is a multiple of three, it is probably from a group of plants called the monocotyledons which includes crocuses, daffodils, tulips, lilies and other plants grown from bulbs. A tress of hair originally meant a plait or pigtail with three interwoven strands of hair. Most colours can be mixed from just three primary colours. But different primary colours are used for different purposes. For example, all the colours you see on a television screen are mixtures of red, green and blue light. With paint you can mix most colours from just red, yellow and blue pigments. The colours in books and magazines are usually printed from three coloured inks: cyan, magenta and yellow, although black ink is used as well. We use three primary colours because of the way our eyes work. At the back of our eyes are cells called cones which are sensitive to coloured light. There are three different types of cone, each sensitive to different wavelengths of light. If our eyes were built differently and we had four types of cone cell, we would need to use four primary colours in printing, painting and television. |
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question n + n + n and n x n x n give the same answer? |
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four A square. 1, 3, 4, 7, 11, 18, 29... A Lucas number. A quartet, a foursome... The word four has four letters. In the English language there is no other number whose number of letters is equal to its value. The number four on a calculator is made up of four light bars. Many things are arranged in fours. There are four suits in a deck of cards, four points of the compass, and four phases of the moon. There are four wings on a bee and four leaves on a clover, if you are lucky. The four seasons are spring, summer, autumn and winter. This theme has provided inspiration for many artists, for the composer Vivaldi, and for countless take-away pizza establishments. A tetrahedron is a kind of pyramid with four triangular faces. It also has four corners. On maps adjacent countries are usually shown in different colours. What is the smallest number of colours needed? In 1852 Francis Guthrie guessed that the answer is four colours for any map, no matter what shape the countries take. No one has ever found a map that needs more than four colours. But it has been difficult to find a satisfactory proof that only four colours are needed. In 1976 Wolfgang Haken and Kenneth Appel claimed to have proved the four-colour conjecture, but their proof is so complicated, involving hundreds of hours of calculation by a computer, it has been very difficult for other mathematicians to check. Tetra- means four. A tetradite is someone who attaches mystical properties to the number four. A tetragram is a word with four letters (like four itself). Quad- also means four. A quadruped is a four-footed animal like an aardvark, or almost any animal for that matter. Plus fours are loose baggy trousers which require an extra four inches of cloth in tailoring. This ridiculous male fashion was popular with golfers in the 1920s. In a molecule of DNA, just four bases are used to make up the genetic code that determines the distinctive form of every plant and animal. The four bases are called thymine, adenosine, guanine and cytosine, or just T, A, G and C. Four-dimensional means that something has an extra dimension as well as length, width and depth. For the scientist, this is usually the dimension of time, where space and time are thought of as part of the same continuum. However, in mathematics, four-dimensional means an imaginary fourth dimension in space. With two dimensions you can draw a square and with three dimensions you can make a cube. But with four dimensions it is possible to represent something called a hypercube. Some mathematicians claim to be able to visualise four-dimensional space and can conjure up a clear picture in their heads of a hypercube, which they can rotate or cut in half. |
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five 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13... A Fibonacci number. We have five digits on each hand and foot. V, the Roman symbol for five, may originate from the image of a hand with the fingers spread. Penta- means five. A pentathlon is an athletics contest with five events and a pentagon is a figure with five sides and five angles. A pentasyllabic word has five syllables, like the word pentasyllabic itself. Pentagram, pentangle and pentacle are all names for a five-pointed star. This mystical symbol was supposed to keep away devils and witches. A pentacle headdress folded from fine linen was sometimes worn as a defence against demons. A pentagonal bolt is fitted to many fire hydrants in the USA because it is impossible to undo with a normal spanner - most bolts are hexagonal. A devout follower of Islam worships five times a day facing the holy city of Mecca. The Islamic creed is the `Five Pillars of the Faith'. The Five Ks are traditionally worn by The Singhs, who are a brotherhood within the Sikh religion. These are kes, long hair; kangha, a comb; kirpan, a sword; kachh, short trousers; and kara, a steel bracelet. There are five rings in the Olympic symbol. Basketball is played with teams of five players, and so is five-a-side football. Many things come in fives: the five senses, the five Chinese elements, and five vowels in the English alphabet. In Britain, a fiver is a five pound note. In the USA, a nickel is a five cent coin. `Take five!' means take five minute's rest. The Five Towns, made famous in the stories of Arnold Bennett (1867-1931), are the towns of Stoke, Tunstall, Burslem, Hanley and Longton in the Staffordshire Potteries. Bennett generated some ill feeling in the townspeople of Fenton, who were left out and claimed as much right to inclusion as the other five. Under British law, when you reach the age of five - * you become `of compulsory school age', * you can see a U or PG category film at a cinema, * you have to pay child's fare on trains, * you can drink alcohol in private, for example at home. When you cut through an apple `the wrong way' you get a five-pointed star. The wild rose has five petals. Apples and roses are part of a large family of plants called ROSACEAE which includes blackberries, raspberries, strawberries, pears, cherries, plums and peaches, all of which have five-petalled flowers. Although cultivated roses have many more petals, if you look beneath any rose, you will still find five sepals around the base of the flower. Five-fold symmetry is found in apples and other plants in the rose family. Punch is a drink that traditionally has five ingredients - spirits, water, sugar, lemon juice and spice. The name punch comes from the Hindi word for five. The Five Platonic Solids are the only five convex regular solids it is possible to construct. They are the tetrahedron (four sides), the cube (six sides), the octahedron (eight sides), the dodecahedron (12 sides) and the icosahedron (20 sides). Five was the lucky number for the superstitious French fashion designer Gabrielle `Coco' Chanel. In 1921 she chose the fifth day of the fifth month to introduce her new brand of perfume which she called Chanel No. 5. At that time its scent was unlike any others in a market dominated by floral perfumes. It was a huge success and today it is one of the most famous - and most expensive - perfumes available. |
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six 6 = 1 + 2 + 3 A triangular number. 6 = 1 x 2 x 3 Factorial 3 or 3! The factors of 6 (1, 2 and 3) add up to six. This makes 6 the first perfect number. 1, 2 and 3 make 6 whether you add them together or multiply them. Sex- and hex- mean six. So there are six sides on a hexagon and six musicians in a sextet. Sextuplets are six children born together and a hexapod is something with six feet, like an insect. A cube has six faces and another name for a cube is a hexahedron. Six is the highest number on a normal die. An octahedron has six corners or vertices and a tetrahedron has six edges. Six-legged arthropods include insects like flies, moths, ants, beetles and wasps. There are six feet in a fathom. A fathom is a unit of length used mainly by sailors. It equals 1.8288 metres. Volley ball and ice hockey are both played with teams of 6 players. King Henry VIII had six wives and there are six murder suspects in a game of Clue. Hexagonal structures are found in many living things such as the cells of a honey comb. Carbon, the element that is present in all living matter, has the atomic number six. `Why, sometimes I've believed as many as six impossible things before breakfast' exclaimed the White Queen in Lewis Carroll's Alice Through the Looking Glass. |
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bobbynox 11-Nov-06, 18:18 |
Deleted by bobbynox on 23-Jan-07, 09:37.
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bobby |
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