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A: When using regular time control (NN days per move), each player has the fixed number of days to make each move and the clock is restarted after each move is made. With the Fischer/incremental time control, each player has a time bank that is never restarted, but instead extra time is added to it after each move. It is much closer to the way how the real chess clock works when playing over the board, yet it is also very suitable for correspondence-style chess.
For example, if you are playing a game with "5d + 1d < 10d" time control, that means you have 5 days to make your initial move. Then 1 day is added to your clock on top of whatever time you had remaining at the time you made your move. That is how much time you will have to make your next move after your opponent makes theirs. And so on and so forth. For example, if you have 1 day and 8 hours remaining on the clock when you make your move, you'll have 2 days and 8 hours total (1 day added) to make your next move (after your opponent makes their move). The same calculations are made for your opponent, but using a separate time bank.
To avoid huge amounts of time accumulated by players, there is a limit on how many days you can have maximum (denoted by the "<" symbol). If the accumulated time exceeds this number, it will be reset to the maximum (i.e. 10 days in our example).
Needless to say, this time control was invented (and later patented) by Bobby Fischer.
For example, if you are playing a game with "5d + 1d < 10d" time control, that means you have 5 days to make your initial move. Then 1 day is added to your clock on top of whatever time you had remaining at the time you made your move. That is how much time you will have to make your next move after your opponent makes theirs. And so on and so forth. For example, if you have 1 day and 8 hours remaining on the clock when you make your move, you'll have 2 days and 8 hours total (1 day added) to make your next move (after your opponent makes their move). The same calculations are made for your opponent, but using a separate time bank.
To avoid huge amounts of time accumulated by players, there is a limit on how many days you can have maximum (denoted by the "<" symbol). If the accumulated time exceeds this number, it will be reset to the maximum (i.e. 10 days in our example).
Needless to say, this time control was invented (and later patented) by Bobby Fischer.